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- The Lahman Baseball Database
- 2014 Version
- Release Date: January 24, 2015
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- README CONTENTS
- 0.1 Copyright Notice
- 0.2 Contact Information
- 1.0 Release Contents
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 What's New
- 1.3 Acknowledgements
- 1.4 Using this Database
- 1.5 Revision History
- 2.0 Data Tables
- 2.1 MASTER table
- 2.2 Batting Table
- 2.3 Pitching table
- 2.4 Fielding Table
- 2.5 All-Star table
- 2.6 Hall of Fame table
- 2.7 Managers table
- 2.8 Teams table
- 2.9 BattingPost table
- 2.10 PitchingPost table
- 2.11 TeamFranchises table
- 2.12 FieldingOF table
- 2.13 ManagersHalf table
- 2.14 TeamsHalf table
- 2.15 Salaries table
- 2.16 SeriesPost table
- 2.17 AwardsManagers table
- 2.18 AwardsPlayers table
- 2.19 AwardsShareManagers table
- 2.20 AwardsSharePlayers table
- 2.21 FieldingPost table
- 2.22 Appearances table
- 2.23 Schools table
- 2.24 SchoolsPlayers table
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 0.1 Copyright Notice & Limited Use License
- This database is copyright 1996-2015 by Sean Lahman.
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. For details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
- For licensing information or further information, contact Sean Lahman
- at: seanlahman@gmail.com
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 0.2 Contact Information
- Web site: http://www.baseball1.com
- E-Mail : seanlahman@gmail.com
- If you're interested in contributing to the maintenance of this
- database or making suggestions for improvement, please consider
- joining our mailinglist at:
- http://groups.yahoo.com/group/baseball-databank/
- If you are interested in similar databases for other sports, please
- vist the Open Source Sports website at http://OpenSourceSports.com
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1.0 Release Contents
- This release of the database can be downloaded in several formats. The
- contents of each version are listed below.
- MS Access Versions:
- lahman2014.mdb
- 2014readme.txt
- SQL version
- lahman2043.sql
- lahman2014_tables.sql
- 2014readme.txt
-
- Comma Delimited Version:
- 2014readme.txt
- AllStarFull.csv
- Appearances.csv
- AwardsManagers.csv
- AwardsPlayers.csv
- AwardsShareManagers.csv
- AwardsSharePlayers.csv
- Batting.csv
- BattingPost.csv
- CollegePlaying.csv
- Fielding.csv
- FieldingOF.csv
- FieldingPost.csv
- HallOfFame.csv
- Managers.csv
- ManagersHalf.csv
- Master.csv
- Pitching.csv
- PitchingPost.csv
- Salaries.csv
- Schools.csv
- SeriesPost.csv
- Teams.csv
- TeamsFranchises.csv
- TeamsHalf.csv
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1.1 Introduction
- This database contains pitching, hitting, and fielding statistics for
- Major League Baseball from 1871 through 2014. It includes data from
- the two current leagues (American and National), the four other "major"
- leagues (American Association, Union Association, Players League, and
- Federal League), and the National Association of 1871-1875.
- This database was created by Sean Lahman, who pioneered the effort to
- make baseball statistics freely available to the general public. What
- started as a one man effort in 1994 has grown tremendously, and now a
- team of researchers have collected their efforts to make this the
- largest and most accurate source for baseball statistics available
- anywhere. (See Acknowledgements below for a list of the key
- contributors to this project.)
- None of what we have done would have been possible without the
- pioneering work of Hy Turkin, S.C. Thompson, David Neft, and Pete
- Palmer (among others). All baseball fans owe a debt of gratitude
- to the people who have worked so hard to build the tremendous set
- of data that we have today. Our thanks also to the many members of
- the Society for American Baseball Research who have helped us over
- the years. We strongly urge you to support and join their efforts.
- Please vist their website (www.sabr.org).
- If you have any problems or find any errors, please let us know. Any
- feedback is appreciated
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1.2 What's New in 2014
- Player stats have been updated through 2014 season.
- Removed two deprecated fields from the batting table. The G_batting and
- G_old fields were rendered obsolete when we created the appearances table.
- They've beenremoved from the batting table starting with this version
- SchoolsPlayers has been replaced with a new table called CollegePlaying.
- This reflects advances in the compilation of this data, largely led by
- Ted Turocy. The old table reported college attendance for major league
- players by listing a start date and end date. The new version has a
- separate record for each year that a player attended. This allows
- us to better account for players who attended multiple colleges or
- skipped a season, as well as to identify teammates.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1.3 Acknowledgements
- Much of the raw data contained in this database comes from the work of
- Pete Palmer, the legendary statistician, who has had a hand in most
- of the baseball encylopedias published since 1974. He is largely
- responsible for bringing the batting, pitching, and fielding data out
- of the dark ages and into the computer era. Without him, none of this
- would be possible. For more on Pete's work, please read his own
- account at: http://sabr.org/cmsfiles/PalmerDatabaseHistory.pdf
- Three people have been key contributors to the work that followed, first
- by taking the raw data and creating a relational database, and later
- by extending the database to make it more accesible to researchers.
- Sean Lahman launched the Baseball Archive's website back before
- most people had heard of the world wide web. Frustrated by the
- lack of sports data available, he led the effort to build a
- baseball database that everyone could use. Baseball researchers
- everywhere owe him a debt of gratitude. Lahman served as an associate
- editor for three editions of Total Baseball and contributed to five
- editions of The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. He has also been active in
- developing databases for other sports.
- The work of Sean Forman to create and maintain an online encyclopedia
- at "baseball-reference.com" has been remarkable. Recognized as the
- premier online reference source, Forman's site provides an oustanding
- interface to the raw data. His efforts to help streamline the database
- have been extremely helpful. Most importantly, Forman has spearheaded
- the effort to provide standards that enable several different baseball
- databases to be used together. He was also instrumental in launching
- the Baseball Databank, a forum for researchers to gather and share
- their work.
- Since 2001, these two Seans have led a group of researchers
- who volunteered to maintain and update the database.
- Ted Turocy has done the lion's share of the work to updating the main
- data tables since 2012, including significant imporvements to the
- demographic data in the master table. In his role as SABR data czar,
- he led the effort to document college playing stints for all
- major league players. Turocy also spearheads the Chadwick Baseball
- Bureau. For more details on his tools and services, visit:
- http://chadwick.sourceforge.net/doc/index.html
- A handful of researchers have made substantial contributions to
- maintain this database over years. Listed alphabetically, they
- are: Derek Adair, Mike Crain, Kevin Johnson, Rod Nelson, Tom Tango,
- and Paul Wendt. These folks did much of the heavy lifting, and are
- largely responsible for the improvements made since 2000.
- Others who made important contributions include: Dvd Avins,
- Clifford Blau, Bill Burgess, Clem Comly, Jeff Burk, Randy Cox,
- Mitch Dickerman, Paul DuBois, Mike Emeigh, F.X. Flinn, Bill Hickman,
- Jerry Hoffman, Dan Holmes, Micke Hovmoller, Peter Kreutzer,
- Danile Levine, Bruce Macleod, Ken Matinale, Michael Mavrogiannis,
- Cliff Otto, Alberto Perdomo, Dave Quinn, John Rickert, Tom Ruane,
- Theron Skyles, Hans Van Slooten, Michael Westbay, and Rob Wood.
- Many other people have made significant contributions to the database
- over the years. The contribution of Tom Ruane's effort to the overall
- quality of the underlying data has been tremendous. His work at
- retrosheet.org integrates the yearly data with the day-by-day data,
- creating a reference source of startling depth. It is unlikely than
- any individual has contributed as much to the field of baseball
- research in the past five years as Ruane has.
- Sean Holtz helped with a major overhaul and redesign before the
- 2000 season. Keith Woolner was instrumental in helping turn
- a huge collection of stats into a relational database in the mid-1990s.
- Clifford Otto & Ted Nye also helped provide guidance to the early
- versions. Lee Sinnis, John Northey & Erik Greenwood helped supply key
- pieces of data. Many others have written in with corrections and
- suggestions that made each subsequent version even better than what
- preceded it.
- The work of the SABR Baseball Records Committee, led by Lyle Spatz
- has been invaluable. So has the work of Bill Carle and the SABR
- Biographical Committee. David Vincent, keeper of the Home Run Log and
- other bits of hard to find info, has always been helpful. The recent
- addition of colleges to player bios is the result of much research by
- members of SABR's Collegiate Baseball committee.
- Salary data was first supplied by Doug Pappas, who passed away during
- the summer of 2004. He was the leading authority on many subjects,
- most significantly the financial history of Major League Baseball.
- We are grateful that he allowed us to include some of the data he
- compiled. His work has been continued by the SABR Business of
- Baseball committee.
- Thanks is also due to the staff at the National Baseball Library
- in Cooperstown who have been so helpful over the years, including
- Tim Wiles, Jim Gates, Bruce Markusen, and the rest of the staff.
- A special debt of gratitude is owed to Dave Smith and the folks at
- Retrosheet. There is no other group working so hard to compile and
- share baseball data. Their website (www.retrosheet.org) will give
- you a taste of the wealth of information Dave and the gang have collected.
- Thanks to all contributors great and small. What you have created is
- a wonderful thing.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1.4 Using this Database
- This version of the database is available in Microsoft Access
- format, SQL files or in a generic, comma delimited format. Because this is a
- relational database, you will not be able to use the data in a
- flat-database application.
- Please note that this is not a stand alone application. It requires
- a database application or some other application designed specifically
- to interact with the database.
- If you are unable to import the data directly, you should download the
- database in the delimted text format. Then use the documentation
- in sections 2.1 through 2.22 of this document to import the data into
- your database application.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1.5 Revision History
- Version Date Comments
- 1.0 December 1992 Database ported from dBase
- 1.1 May 1993 Becomes fully relational
- 1.2 July 1993 Corrections made to full database
- 1.21 December 1993 1993 statistics added
- 1.3 July 1994 Pre-1900 data added
- 1.31 February 1995 1994 Statistics added
- 1.32 August 1995 Statistics added for other leagues
- 1.4 September 1995 Fielding Data added
- 1.41 November 1995 1995 statistics added
- 1.42 March 1996 HOF/All-Star tables added
- 1.5-MS October 1996 1st public release - MS Access format
- 1.5-GV October 1996 Released generic comma-delimted files
- 1.6-MS December 1996 Updated with 1996 stats, some corrections
- 1.61-MS December 1996 Corrected error in MASTER table
- 1.62 February 1997 Corrected 1914-1915 batters data and updated
- 2.0 February 1998 Major Revisions-added teams & managers
- 2.1 October 1998 Interim release w/1998 stats
- 2.2 January 1999 New release w/post-season stats & awards added
- 3.0 November 1999 Major release - fixed errors and 1999 statistics added
- 4.0 May 2001 Major release - proofed & redesigned tables
- 4.5 March 2002 Updated with 2001 stats and added new biographical data
- 5.0 December 2002 Major revision - new tables and data
- 5.1 January 2004 Updated with 2003 data, and new pitching categories
- 5.2 November 2004 Updated with 2004 season statistics.
- 5.3 December 2005 Updated with 2005 season statistics.
- 5.4 December 2006 Updated with 2006 season statistics.
- 5.5 December 2007 Updated with 2007 season statistics.
- 5.6 December 2008 Updated with 2008 season statistics.
- 5.7 December 2009 Updated for 2009 and added several tables.
- 5.8 December 2010 Updated with 2010 season statistics.
- 5.9 December 2011 Updated for 2011 and removed obsolete tables.
- 2012 December 2012 Updated with 2012 season statistics
- 2013 December 2013 Updated with 2013 season statistics
- 2014 December 2014 Updated with 2013 season statistics
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.0 Data Tables
- The design follows these general principles. Each player is assigned a
- unique number (playerID). All of the information relating to that player
- is tagged with his playerID. The playerIDs are linked to names and
- birthdates in the MASTER table.
- The database is comprised of the following main tables:
- MASTER - Player names, DOB, and biographical info
- Batting - batting statistics
- Pitching - pitching statistics
- Fielding - fielding statistics
- It is supplemented by these tables:
- AllStarFull - All-Star appearances
- HallofFame - Hall of Fame voting data
- Managers - managerial statistics
- Teams - yearly stats and standings
- BattingPost - post-season batting statistics
- PitchingPost - post-season pitching statistics
- TeamFranchises - franchise information
- FieldingOF - outfield position data
- FieldingPost- post-season fieldinf data
- ManagersHalf - split season data for managers
- TeamsHalf - split season data for teams
- Salaries - player salary data
- SeriesPost - post-season series information
- AwardsManagers - awards won by managers
- AwardsPlayers - awards won by players
- AwardsShareManagers - award voting for manager awards
- AwardsSharePlayers - award voting for player awards
- Appearances - details on the positions a player appeared at
- Schools - list of colleges that players attended
- CollegePlaying - list of players and the colleges they attended
- Sections 2.1 through 2.24 of this document describe each of the tables in
- detail and the fields that each contains.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.1 MASTER table
- playerID A unique code asssigned to each player. The playerID links
- the data in this file with records in the other files.
- birthYear Year player was born
- birthMonth Month player was born
- birthDay Day player was born
- birthCountry Country where player was born
- birthState State where player was born
- birthCity City where player was born
- deathYear Year player died
- deathMonth Month player died
- deathDay Day player died
- deathCountry Country where player died
- deathState State where player died
- deathCity City where player died
- nameFirst Player's first name
- nameLast Player's last name
- nameGiven Player's given name (typically first and middle)
- weight Player's weight in pounds
- height Player's height in inches
- bats Player's batting hand (left, right, or both)
- throws Player's throwing hand (left or right)
- debut Date that player made first major league appearance
- finalGame Date that player made first major league appearance (blank if still active)
- retroID ID used by retrosheet
- bbrefID ID used by Baseball Reference website
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.2 Batting Table
- playerID Player ID code
- yearID Year
- stint player's stint (order of appearances within a season)
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- G Games
- AB At Bats
- R Runs
- H Hits
- 2B Doubles
- 3B Triples
- HR Homeruns
- RBI Runs Batted In
- SB Stolen Bases
- CS Caught Stealing
- BB Base on Balls
- SO Strikeouts
- IBB Intentional walks
- HBP Hit by pitch
- SH Sacrifice hits
- SF Sacrifice flies
- GIDP Grounded into double plays
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.3 Pitching table
- playerID Player ID code
- yearID Year
- stint player's stint (order of appearances within a season)
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- W Wins
- L Losses
- G Games
- GS Games Started
- CG Complete Games
- SHO Shutouts
- SV Saves
- IPOuts Outs Pitched (innings pitched x 3)
- H Hits
- ER Earned Runs
- HR Homeruns
- BB Walks
- SO Strikeouts
- BAOpp Opponent's Batting Average
- ERA Earned Run Average
- IBB Intentional Walks
- WP Wild Pitches
- HBP Batters Hit By Pitch
- BK Balks
- BFP Batters faced by Pitcher
- GF Games Finished
- R Runs Allowed
- SH Sacrifices by opposing batters
- SF Sacrifice flies by opposing batters
- GIDP Grounded into double plays by opposing batter
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.4 Fielding Table
- playerID Player ID code
- yearID Year
- stint player's stint (order of appearances within a season)
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- Pos Position
- G Games
- GS Games Started
- InnOuts Time played in the field expressed as outs
- PO Putouts
- A Assists
- E Errors
- DP Double Plays
- PB Passed Balls (by catchers)
- WP Wild Pitches (by catchers)
- SB Opponent Stolen Bases (by catchers)
- CS Opponents Caught Stealing (by catchers)
- ZR Zone Rating
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.5 AllstarFull table
- playerID Player ID code
- YearID Year
- gameNum Game number (zero if only one All-Star game played that season)
- gameID Retrosheet ID for the game idea
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- GP 1 if Played in the game
- startingPos If player was game starter, the position played
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.6 HallOfFame table
- playerID Player ID code
- yearID Year of ballot
- votedBy Method by which player was voted upon
- ballots Total ballots cast in that year
- needed Number of votes needed for selection in that year
- votes Total votes received
- inducted Whether player was inducted by that vote or not (Y or N)
- category Category in which candidate was honored
- needed_note Explanation of qualifiers for special elections
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.7 Managers table
-
- playerID Player ID Number
- yearID Year
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- inseason Managerial order. Zero if the individual managed the team
- the entire year. Otherwise denotes where the manager appeared
- in the managerial order (1 for first manager, 2 for second, etc.)
- G Games managed
- W Wins
- L Losses
- rank Team's final position in standings that year
- plyrMgr Player Manager (denoted by 'Y')
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.8 Teams table
- yearID Year
- lgID League
- teamID Team
- franchID Franchise (links to TeamsFranchise table)
- divID Team's division
- Rank Position in final standings
- G Games played
- GHome Games played at home
- W Wins
- L Losses
- DivWin Division Winner (Y or N)
- WCWin Wild Card Winner (Y or N)
- LgWin League Champion(Y or N)
- WSWin World Series Winner (Y or N)
- R Runs scored
- AB At bats
- H Hits by batters
- 2B Doubles
- 3B Triples
- HR Homeruns by batters
- BB Walks by batters
- SO Strikeouts by batters
- SB Stolen bases
- CS Caught stealing
- HBP Batters hit by pitch
- SF Sacrifice flies
- RA Opponents runs scored
- ER Earned runs allowed
- ERA Earned run average
- CG Complete games
- SHO Shutouts
- SV Saves
- IPOuts Outs Pitched (innings pitched x 3)
- HA Hits allowed
- HRA Homeruns allowed
- BBA Walks allowed
- SOA Strikeouts by pitchers
- E Errors
- DP Double Plays
- FP Fielding percentage
- name Team's full name
- park Name of team's home ballpark
- attendance Home attendance total
- BPF Three-year park factor for batters
- PPF Three-year park factor for pitchers
- teamIDBR Team ID used by Baseball Reference website
- teamIDlahman45 Team ID used in Lahman database version 4.5
- teamIDretro Team ID used by Retrosheet
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.9 BattingPost table
- yearID Year
- round Level of playoffs
- playerID Player ID code
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- G Games
- AB At Bats
- R Runs
- H Hits
- 2B Doubles
- 3B Triples
- HR Homeruns
- RBI Runs Batted In
- SB Stolen Bases
- CS Caught stealing
- BB Base on Balls
- SO Strikeouts
- IBB Intentional walks
- HBP Hit by pitch
- SH Sacrifices
- SF Sacrifice flies
- GIDP Grounded into double plays
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.10 PitchingPost table
- playerID Player ID code
- yearID Year
- round Level of playoffs
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- W Wins
- L Losses
- G Games
- GS Games Started
- CG Complete Games
- SHO Shutouts
- SV Saves
- IPOuts Outs Pitched (innings pitched x 3)
- H Hits
- ER Earned Runs
- HR Homeruns
- BB Walks
- SO Strikeouts
- BAOpp Opponents' batting average
- ERA Earned Run Average
- IBB Intentional Walks
- WP Wild Pitches
- HBP Batters Hit By Pitch
- BK Balks
- BFP Batters faced by Pitcher
- GF Games Finished
- R Runs Allowed
- SH Sacrifice Hits allowed
- SF Sacrifice Flies allowed
- GIDP Grounded into Double Plays
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.11 TeamFranchises table
- franchID Franchise ID
- franchName Franchise name
- active Whetehr team is currently active (Y or N)
- NAassoc ID of National Association team franchise played as
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.12 FieldingOF table
- playerID Player ID code
- yearID Year
- stint player's stint (order of appearances within a season)
- Glf Games played in left field
- Gcf Games played in center field
- Grf Games played in right field
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.13 ManagersHalf table
- playerID Manager ID code
- yearID Year
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- inseason Managerial order. One if the individual managed the team
- the entire year. Otherwise denotes where the manager appeared
- in the managerial order (1 for first manager, 2 for second, etc.)
- half First or second half of season
- G Games managed
- W Wins
- L Losses
- rank Team's position in standings for the half
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.14 TeamsHalf table
- yearID Year
- lgID League
- teamID Team
- half First or second half of season
- divID Division
- DivWin Won Division (Y or N)
- rank Team's position in standings for the half
- G Games played
- W Wins
- L Losses
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.15 Salaries table
- yearID Year
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- playerID Player ID code
- salary Salary
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.16 SeriesPost table
- yearID Year
- round Level of playoffs
- teamIDwinner Team ID of the team that won the series
- lgIDwinner League ID of the team that won the series
- teamIDloser Team ID of the team that lost the series
- lgIDloser League ID of the team that lost the series
- wins Wins by team that won the series
- losses Losses by team that won the series
- ties Tie games
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.17 AwardsManagers table
- playerID Manager ID code
- awardID Name of award won
- yearID Year
- lgID League
- tie Award was a tie (Y or N)
- notes Notes about the award
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.18 AwardsPlayers table
- playerID Player ID code
- awardID Name of award won
- yearID Year
- lgID League
- tie Award was a tie (Y or N)
- notes Notes about the award
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.19 AwardsShareManagers table
- awardID name of award votes were received for
- yearID Year
- lgID League
- playerID Manager ID code
- pointsWon Number of points received
- pointsMax Maximum numner of points possible
- votesFirst Number of first place votes
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.20 AwardsSharePlayers table
- awardID name of award votes were received for
- yearID Year
- lgID League
- playerID Player ID code
- pointsWon Number of points received
- pointsMax Maximum numner of points possible
- votesFirst Number of first place votes
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.21 FieldingPost table
- playerID Player ID code
- yearID Year
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- round Level of playoffs
- Pos Position
- G Games
- GS Games Started
- InnOuts Time played in the field expressed as outs
- PO Putouts
- A Assists
- E Errors
- DP Double Plays
- TP Triple Plays
- PB Passed Balls
- SB Stolen Bases allowed (by catcher)
- CS Caught Stealing (by catcher)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.22 Appearances table
- yearID Year
- teamID Team
- lgID League
- playerID Player ID code
- G_all Total games played
- GS Games started
- G_batting Games in which player batted
- G_defense Games in which player appeared on defense
- G_p Games as pitcher
- G_c Games as catcher
- G_1b Games as firstbaseman
- G_2b Games as secondbaseman
- G_3b Games as thirdbaseman
- G_ss Games as shortstop
- G_lf Games as leftfielder
- G_cf Games as centerfielder
- G_rf Games as right fielder
- G_of Games as outfielder
- G_dh Games as designated hitter
- G_ph Games as pinch hitter
- G_pr Games as pinch runner
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.23 Schools table
- schoolID school ID code
- schoolName school name
- schoolCity city where school is located
- schoolState state where school's city is located
- schoolNick nickname for school's baseball team
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- 2.24 CollegePlaying table
- playerid Player ID code
- schoolID school ID code
- year year
- <end of file>
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